uric acid test explained
uric acid is a waste product that's normally filtered out by your kidneys. when levels get too high, it can cause problems. here's a simple guide to understanding your uric acid test results.
what is uric acid?
uric acid is created when your body breaks down purines — substances found naturally in your body and in certain foods like red meat, organ meats, and some seafood.
normally, uric acid dissolves in your blood, passes through your kidneys, and leaves your body in urine. when your body makes too much uric acid or doesn't remove enough, levels can build up.
why do doctors check uric acid?
- to investigate joint pain or swelling
- to monitor gout or risk of gout
- to check kidney function
- to monitor certain medications
- as part of metabolic health assessment
- to investigate kidney stones
general reference ranges
uric acid is measured in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter):
- males: approximately 3.4–7.0 mg/dL
- females: approximately 2.4–6.0 mg/dL
note: reference ranges vary between laboratories. women typically have lower levels than men until menopause.
what high uric acid may relate to
elevated uric acid (hyperuricemia) may be associated with:
- gout (a type of arthritis)
- kidney stones
- diet high in purines (red meat, shellfish, alcohol)
- kidney function issues
- certain medications
- obesity
- metabolic conditions
- dehydration
having high uric acid doesn't mean you'll definitely develop gout. many people with elevated levels never experience symptoms.
what low uric acid may relate to
low uric acid is less common but may be associated with:
- certain liver conditions
- low purine diet
- certain medications
- some kidney conditions (that cause excess excretion)
gout: what doctors look for
gout is the most well-known condition related to high uric acid. when levels are too high, uric acid can form crystals that deposit in joints, causing:
- sudden, severe joint pain (often the big toe)
- swelling and redness
- warmth in the affected area
- limited range of motion
gout attacks often start at night and can be extremely painful. the diagnosis involves more than just uric acid levels.
questions doctors often ask
- have you had any joint pain or swelling?
- what does your diet typically include?
- how much alcohol do you consume?
- how much water do you drink daily?
- do you have a history of kidney stones?
- what medications are you taking?
- is there a family history of gout?
what information to prepare
- detailed description of any joint symptoms
- your typical diet (especially meat, seafood, alcohol)
- current medications and supplements
- previous uric acid test results
- history of kidney stones or gout
- daily water intake
frequently asked questions
can diet affect uric acid levels?
yes, foods high in purines (red meat, organ meats, certain seafood, beer) can raise uric acid. reducing these and staying well-hydrated may help. however, diet is just one factor.
does high uric acid always cause gout?
no, many people with elevated uric acid never develop gout. and some people can have a gout attack even when uric acid levels appear normal during testing.
should I avoid all purine foods?
not necessarily. moderate dietary changes are usually recommended rather than strict elimination. discuss specific dietary advice with your doctor or a dietitian.
does drinking water help?
staying well-hydrated helps your kidneys flush out uric acid. adequate water intake is generally recommended for managing uric acid levels.
disclaimer: this article is for general educational purposes only. it is not medical advice and should not be used to diagnose or treat any condition. uric acid results must be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider who understands your complete medical history. always consult your doctor for personalized guidance.