sgot and sgpt explained
SGOT and SGPT are liver enzymes you'll commonly see on blood test reports. they're also known by their newer names, AST and ALT. here's what these values mean and why doctors check them.
what are SGOT and SGPT?
SGPT (ALT) — alanine aminotransferase
an enzyme found mainly in the liver. when liver cells are damaged, SGPT leaks into the bloodstream. it's considered the more liver-specific of the two enzymes.
SGOT (AST) — aspartate aminotransferase
found in the liver, heart, muscles, and other organs. because it's in multiple tissues, elevated SGOT can indicate issues beyond just the liver.
note: SGOT/SGPT are older names still commonly used. AST/ALT are the modern equivalents. they refer to the same enzymes.
why do doctors check these enzymes?
- to assess liver health during routine checkups
- to investigate symptoms like fatigue or abdominal discomfort
- to monitor effects of certain medications on the liver
- to screen for liver conditions
- before starting medications that may affect the liver
- to monitor existing liver conditions
general reference ranges
values are measured in units per liter (U/L):
- SGPT (ALT): approximately 7–56 U/L
- SGOT (AST): approximately 10–40 U/L
note: reference ranges vary between laboratories. always refer to the range printed on your specific lab report.
what elevated levels may relate to
higher-than-normal SGOT/SGPT may be associated with:
- fatty liver (one of the most common causes)
- alcohol consumption
- certain medications (including some over-the-counter ones)
- viral hepatitis
- obesity
- intense exercise (temporarily)
- muscle injury (mainly affects SGOT)
- other liver conditions
mild elevations are quite common and often don't indicate serious liver disease. doctors look at the pattern, degree of elevation, and other test results.
understanding the AST/ALT ratio
doctors sometimes look at the ratio between these two enzymes:
- when ALT is higher than AST, it may suggest certain liver conditions
- when AST is higher than ALT, it may suggest alcohol-related issues or muscle damage
- the ratio is just one piece of information doctors consider
questions doctors often ask
- how much alcohol do you consume, and how often?
- what medications are you taking, including supplements?
- have you had any recent viral illnesses?
- have you done intense exercise recently?
- do you have any abdominal pain or discomfort?
- have you noticed any yellowing of skin or eyes?
- what is your typical diet like?
- have you had any recent weight changes?
what information to prepare
- complete list of medications and supplements
- alcohol consumption habits (be honest — it helps your doctor)
- recent exercise routine
- any symptoms you've noticed
- previous liver function test results
- family history of liver conditions
frequently asked questions
can exercise affect my results?
yes, intense exercise can temporarily elevate these enzymes, especially SGOT/AST. if you've done strenuous exercise before your test, mention this to your doctor.
are slightly elevated levels dangerous?
mildly elevated levels are very common and often normalize on their own or with lifestyle changes. your doctor will interpret the results in context of your overall health.
what other tests might be ordered?
if levels are elevated, doctors may order additional tests like alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, GGT, or imaging studies to get a more complete picture.
can fatty liver be reversed?
in many cases, fatty liver (one of the most common causes of elevated enzymes) can improve with lifestyle changes like diet modification and exercise. discuss options with your doctor.
disclaimer: this article is for general educational purposes only. it is not medical advice and should not be used to diagnose or treat any condition. liver enzyme results must be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider who understands your complete medical history. always consult your doctor for personalized guidance.